Accessing Files
Accessing via SSH
The following tutorial should help you in using SSH to connect to and from your HUBzero server(s). You should be relatively comfortable with using a terminal (also referred to as a "command-line tool") to navigate directories and manipulate files.
Warning: Most accounts do not have SSH/sFTP access initially. Your system administrator must grant your account access before you will be able to connect.
From a terminal type ssh <user>@<host>. You will then be prompted for a password. Both the username and password will typically be the same as the account you registered on <host>.
yourmachine:~ you$ ssh username@host yourmachine:~ you$ username@host password: host ~
Windows Clients
- PuTTY (a Telnet and SSH client)
Mac OSX
All versions of Mac OSX come with Terminal.app which may be found in the /Utilities directory of your /Applications directory.
Accessing via sFTP
sFTP, or secure FTP, is a program that uses SSH to transfer files. Unlike standard FTP, it encrypts both commands and data, preventing passwords and sensitive information from being transmitted in the clear over the network. It is functionally similar to FTP, but because it uses a different protocol, you can't use a standard FTP client to talk to an sFTP server, nor can you connect to an FTP server with a client that supports only sFTP.
The following tutorial should help you in using sFTP to connect to and from your HUBzero server(s).
Warning: Most accounts do not have SSH/sFTP access initially. Your system administrator must grant your account access before you will be able to connect.
Graphical Clients
Using graphical SFTP clients simplifies file transfers by allowing you to transmit files simply by dragging and dropping icons between windows. When you open the program, you will have to enter the name of the host (e.g., yourhub.org) and your HUB username and password.
Windows Clients
Mac OSX Clients
Command-line
You can use command line SFTP from your Unix account, or from your Mac OS X or Unix workstation. To start an SFTP session, at the command prompt, enter:
yourmachine:~ you$ sftp username@host yourmachine:~ you$ username@host password: host ~
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
cd |
Change the directory on the remote computer |
chmod |
Change the permissions of files on the remote computer |
chown |
Change the owner of files on the remote computer |
dir (or ls) |
List the files in the current directory on the remote computer |
exit (or quit) |
Close the connection to the remote computer and exit SFTP |
get |
Copy a file from the remote computer to the local computer |
help (or ?) |
Get help on the use of SFTP commands |
lcd |
Change the directory on the local computer |
lls |
See a list of the files in the current directory on the local computer |
lmkdir |
Create a directory on the local computer |
ln (or symlink) |
Create a symbolic link for a file on the remote computer |
lpwd |
Show the current directory (present working directory) on the local computer |
lumask |
Change the local umask value |
mkdir |
Create a directory on the remote computer |
put |
Copy a file from the local computer to the remote computer |
pwd |
Show the current directory (present working directory) on the remote computer |
rename |
Rename a file on the remote host |
rm |
Delete files from the remote computer |
rmdir |
Remove a directory on the remote host (the directory usually has to be empty) |
version |
Display the SFTP version |
! |
In Unix, exit to the shell
prompt, where you can enter commands. Enter exit to get
back to SFTP. If you follow ! with a command
(e.g., !pwd), SFTP will execute the command without
dropping you to the Unix prompt.
|
Finding Files
Once connected to a server, by either sFTP or directly with SSH, you will
need to find the web root which contains the HUB install. The web root for the production version of a HUB can be found at /www/yourhub. Typically, HUBs will also have a
development version of a HUB, which can be found at /www/dev.
Once in the desired directory, file layout and directory structure follows the conventions detailed in Installation unless otherwise noted.
See the Installation overview for details on a typical HUBzero install's directory structure.