Documentation

Accessing Files

Accessing via SSH

The following tutorial should help you in using SSH to connect to and from your HUBzero server(s). You should be relatively comfortable with using a terminal (also referred to as a "command-line tool") to navigate directories and manipulate files.

Warning: Most accounts do not have SSH/sFTP access initially. Your system administrator must grant your account access before you will be able to connect.

From a terminal type ssh <user>@<host>. You will then be prompted for a password. Both the username and password will typically be the same as the account you registered on <host>.

yourmachine:~ you$ ssh username@host
yourmachine:~ you$ username@host password:

host ~

Windows Clients

  • PuTTY (a Telnet and SSH client)

Mac OSX

All versions of Mac OSX come with Terminal.app which may be found in the /Utilities directory of your /Applications directory.

Accessing via sFTP

sFTP, or secure FTP, is a program that uses SSH to transfer files. Unlike standard FTP, it encrypts both commands and data, preventing passwords and sensitive information from being transmitted in the clear over the network. It is functionally similar to FTP, but because it uses a different protocol, you can't use a standard FTP client to talk to an sFTP server, nor can you connect to an FTP server with a client that supports only sFTP.

The following tutorial should help you in using sFTP to connect to and from your HUBzero server(s).

Warning: Most accounts do not have SSH/sFTP access initially. Your system administrator must grant your account access before you will be able to connect.

Graphical Clients

Using graphical SFTP clients simplifies file transfers by allowing you to transmit files simply by dragging and dropping icons between windows. When you open the program, you will have to enter the name of the host (e.g., yourhub.org) and your HUB username and password.

Windows Clients
Mac OSX Clients

Command-line

You can use command line SFTP from your Unix account, or from your Mac OS X or Unix workstation. To start an SFTP session, at the command prompt, enter:

yourmachine:~ you$ sftp username@host
yourmachine:~ you$ username@host password:

host ~
Some standard commands for command-line sFTP
Command Description
cd Change the directory on the remote computer
chmod Change the permissions of files on the remote computer
chown Change the owner of files on the remote computer
dir (or ls) List the files in the current directory on the remote computer
exit (or quit) Close the connection to the remote computer and exit SFTP
get Copy a file from the remote computer to the local computer
help (or ?) Get help on the use of SFTP commands
lcd Change the directory on the local computer
lls See a list of the files in the current directory on the local computer
lmkdir Create a directory on the local computer
ln (or symlink) Create a symbolic link for a file on the remote computer
lpwd Show the current directory (present working directory) on the local computer
lumask Change the local umask value
mkdir Create a directory on the remote computer
put Copy a file from the local computer to the remote computer
pwd Show the current directory (present working directory) on the remote computer
rename Rename a file on the remote host
rm Delete files from the remote computer
rmdir Remove a directory on the remote host (the directory usually has to be empty)
version Display the SFTP version
 !  In Unix, exit to the shell prompt, where you can enter commands. Enter exit to get back to SFTP. If you follow  !  with a command (e.g., !pwd), SFTP will execute the command without dropping you to the Unix prompt.

Finding Files

Once connected to a server, by either sFTP or directly with SSH, you will need to find the web root which contains the HUB install. The web root for the production version of a HUB can be found at /www/yourhub. Typically, HUBs will also have a development version of a HUB, which can be found at /www/dev.

Once in the desired directory, file layout and directory structure follows the conventions detailed in Installation unless otherwise noted.

See the Installation overview for details on a typical HUBzero install's directory structure.

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